September 3

Charles Hamilton Houston (September 3, 1895 - April 22, 1950) graduated in 1923 from Harvard Law School where he had been the first African American editor of the Law Review. He taught at Howard where he mentored Thurgood Marshall, and served as NAACP litigation director. He was responsible for most of the civil rights legislation brought before the Supreme Court and his attacks on "separate but equal" facilities led to his being known as "The Man Who Killed Jim Crow."



Birthdays

Prudence Crandall (September 3, 1803 - January 28, 1890), a schoolteacher raised as a Quaker, stirred controversy with her education of African-American girls in Canterbury, Connecticut. Her private school, opened in the fall of 1831, was boycotted when she admitted a 17-year-old African-American female student in the autumn of 1833; resulting in what is widely regarded as the first integrated classroom in the United States.

Annie Elizabeth "Bessie" Delany (3 September 1891 – 25 September 1995) was an American dentist and civil rights pioneer who was the subject, along with her elder sister Sarah "Sadie" Delany, of the New York Times bestselling oral history, Having Our Say, written by journalist Amy Hill Hearth. Delany earned a Doctor of Dental Surgery (DDS) degree from Columbia University in 1923. She was the second Black woman licensed to practice dentistry in New York State.

Mantan Moreland (September 3, 1903 - September 27, 1973) was a vaudeville comedian who appeared in many Hollywood films, mostly with Monogram Studios. He was cast as Charlie Chan's chauffeur, Birmingham Brown, in 17 movies. He was in several horror films, most notably "King of the Zombies" (1941) and his last featured role was in "Spider Baby" (1968). Moreland was suggested as an addition to The Three Stooges after the death of Shemp Howard.

Dorothy Leigh Maynor (September 3 1910 - February 19, 1996) was an international concert soprano, founder of the Harlem School of the Arts, the first African American to sing at an American president’s inauguration (Harry S. Truman’s, on January 20, 1949), the first African-American artist to perform at Constitution Hall, the first woman to conduct at the United Nations, and the first African American to join the board of directors of New York’s Metropolitan Opera.

Memphis Slim (born John Len Chatman, September 3, 1915 – February 24, 1988) was an American blues pianist, singer, and composer. He led a series of bands that, reflecting the popular appeal of jump blues, included saxophones, bass, drums, and piano. A song he first cut in 1947, "Every Day I Have the Blues", has become a blues standard, recorded by many other artists. He made over 500 recordings.

Freddie King (September 3, 1934 – December 28, 1976), thought to have been born as Frederick Christian, originally recording as Freddy King, and nicknamed "The Texas Cannonball", was an influential blues guitarist and singer. He is often mentioned as one of "the Three Kings" of electric blues guitar, along with Albert King and B.B. King, as well as the being youngest of the three.




Events

On September 3, 1838, abolitionist, journalist, author, and human rights advocate Frederick Douglass made his dramatic escape from slavery—traveling north by train and boat—from Baltimore, through Delaware, to Philadelphia. That same night, he took a train to New York, where he arrived the following morning.

On September 3, 1846 the American Missionary Association was founded in Albany NY by members of several protestant churches unable to work through their own denominations to abolish slaver and promote racial equality. The AMA later trained teachers and opened over 500 schools in the south after emancipation, spending more money on the project that the Freedmen's Bureau. It also founded 11 colleges including Fisk, Dillard, and Huston-Tillotson.

On September 3, 1868 Rev. Henry McNeal Turner gave his famous speech “Eligibility of Colored Members to Seats in the Georgia Legislature” to the combined assembly of Georgia State Legislators, stating "I claim the rights of a man." Turner had been elected a representative from Macon two months earlier; he and 25 other African American members were being denied seats by the white majority. After intervention by the Federal government, Turner and the other legislators were allowed to take their seats during the second session.

Carrie A. Tuggle worked with delinquent boys in Birmingham AL and as a welfare officer often appeared in court in their behalf. Following one appearance in behalf of a ten year old boy, Mrs. Tuggle conceived the idea of providing housing facilities for orphaned black children. She and her supporters opened a school and residence for homeless black boys on September 3, 1903. Mrs. Tuggle was also instrumental in the formation of the Jefferson County Juvenile and Domestic Court.

Bessie Coleman, the first licensed female African Americanaviator, made her first U.S. flight on September 3, 1922. Due to racism in America, Coleman trained and was licensed in France. (photo: Bessie Coleman - Carter Magazine)

On September 3, 1944, Recy Taylor of Henry County, Alabama.was kidnapped while leaving church and brutally gang raped by six white men. Even though the men admitted the rape to authorities, two grand juries subsequently declined to indict the men, meaning no charges were ever brought against Taylor's six assailants. Taylor's rape and the subsequent court cases were among the first instances of nationwide protest and activism among the African American community, and ended up providing an early organizational spark for the Civil Rights movement.

Jonathan A. Rodgers was named president of CBS's television stations division on September 3, 1990, making him the highest ranking African American in network television. Prior to his appointment Mr. Rodgers had been general manager of WBBM-TV (CBS's Chicago Station). He later became the President of the Discovery Networks before moving on his current post as president of TV-One.



Photo Gallery

On September 3, 1865 the U.S. Army commander in South Carolina
ordered the Freedmen's Bureau to stop seizing abandoned land .

On September 3, 1891 tenant farmers organized union
and staged strike for higher wages in Texas.

Emmett Till's Funeral Service on September 3, 1955.

Martin Luther King, Jr. Arrested on a Loitering Charge, Montgomery, September 3, 1958

On September 3,1994 Major Lance passed away at age 55.

Michelle Obama at the Democratic National Convention in
Charlotte, North Carolina, September 3, 2012

Publications

Jet Magazine, September 3, 1953

LIFE Magazine, September 3, 1956

Jet Magazine, September 3, 1964

King Leopold's Ghost: A Story of Greed, Terror, and Heroism in
Colonial Africa by Adam Hochschild. $8.61. Author: Adam Hochschild.
Publisher: Houghton  Mifflin Harcourt (September 3, 1999). 306 pages

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