November 16

Lisa Bonet (born November 16, 1967) is best known for her role as Denise Huxtable on the long-running NBC sitcom The Cosby Show, and originally starring in its spinoff A Different World.

William Christopher (W. C.) Handy (November 16, 1873 – March 28, 1958) was a composer and musician widely known as the "Father of the Blues". Although not the first to publish music in the blues form, he took the blues from a regional music style to one of the dominant national forces in American music. In 1896 he became the bandmaster of Mahara's Colored Minstrels, then taught at Alabama A&M for two years before becoming the director of a band organized by the Knights of Pythias, living first in Clarksdale, Mississippi and then in Memphis. The publication of sheet music to his "Memphis Blues" brought him national recognition, as did the advent of recording later in the decade. In 1926 Handy wrote and edited a work entitled Blues: An Anthology -- Complete Words and Music of 53 Great Songs, possibly the first work to record, analyze and describe the blues as an integral part of the South and the history of the United States.

Birthdays

Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe (November 16, 1904 - May 11, 1966) became the first president of Nigeria in 1960. He graduated from historically black Lincoln University in Pennsylvania in 1930, where his classmates were Thurgood Marshall, Cab Calloway, and Langston Hughes. He received a masters degree in political science from the University of Pennsylvania in 1933 and a masters degree in Anthropology from Columbia in 1934.

Chinua Achebe (November 16, 1930 - March 22, 2013) is considered by many to be the father of African literature. He is best known for his first novel, Things Fall Apart (1958) - and for creating the Conrad controversy with his 1975 lecture, An Image of Africa: Racism in Conrad’s “Heart of Darkness,” and its criticism of Joseph Conrad as “a bloody racist”. He is the winner of the Booker International Prize, 2007.

Hubert Charles Sumlin (November 16, 1931 – December 4, 2011) played guitar in Howlin' Wolf's band until Wolf's death in 1976. He continued to play with other members of the band as well as record as a solo artist. He was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in 2008 and was ranked number 43 in Rolling Stone's "100 Greatest Guitarists of All Time"

Clive Callender (born November 16, 1936) is one of the foremost specialists in organ transplant medicine in the United States. The Howard University Hospital surgeon has focused much of his career on transplant medicine among minority segments of the population, along with the unique health and social issues relevant to them as potential donors. During a campaign to increase the number of donors among African Americans he was able to triple the donorship rate.

John Earl Warren, Jr. (November 16, 1946 – January 14, 1969) Served in the Viet Nam War in the United States Army as a First Lieutenant in Company C, 2nd Battalion Mechanized), 22nd Infantry, 25th Infantry Division. He was awarded the Congressional Medal of Honor for his bravery at Tay Ninh Province, Republic of Vietnam, on January 14, 1969. While commanding a platoon, the unit came under attack and 1LT Warren fell on an enemy-thrown grenade to shield others from the blast. The action cost him his life.The Medal was posthumously awarded to his family by President Richard Nixon on August 6, 1970.

Zina Garrison (born November 16, 1963, Houston, Texas) was a women's singles runner-up at Wimbledon in 1990, a three -time Grand Slam mixed doubles champion, and a women's doubles gold medalist with Pam Shriver at the 1988 Olympic Games. After retirement in 1996 she has been a television commentator, served as U.S. Federation Cup captain, and founded the Zina Garrison All-Court Tennis Program, which supports inner-city tennis in her native Houston.

Lisa Bonet (born November 16, 1967) is best known for her role as Denise Huxtable on the long-running NBC sitcom The Cosby Show, and originally starring in its spinoff A Different World. She also starred in the controversial 1987 film Angel Heart. Bonet was married to singer Lenny Kravitz from 1987 to 1993 and the couple has one child, a daughter Zoe. She is currently married to actor Jason Momoa.


Events

On November 16, 1780, Paul Cuffe petitioned the council of Bristol County, Massachusetts claiming taxation without representation and demanding the right to vote. The petition was denied, but his suit was one of the influences that led the Legislature in 1783 to grant voting rights to all free male citizens of the state. At the time Cuffe operated a cargo ship from New Bedford to Nantucket. He went on to own a large fleet of ships, becoming most likely the wealthiest African American in the United States.

On November 16, 1875, Ethiopia won the Battle of Gundet over Egypt. This conflict was carefully observed by African American due to a growing Black Nationalist idealism led by people such as Edward Blyden and Martin Delany. The Ethiopian forces were led by Ras Alula Engida, who the next year was made governor of Mereb Mellash and Midri Bahri (today part of Eritrea).

On November 16, 1875, Alabama’s Constitution of 1875 is ratified. The "Bourbon" Democrats, having claimed to “redeem” the Alabama people from the Reconstruction rule of carpetbaggers and scalawags, wrote a new constitution to replace the one of 1868. It was a conservative document that gave the Democrats, and especially Black Belt planters, a firm grip on their recently reacquired control of state government.

On November 16, 1972, the Louisiana National Guard was mobilized after Baton Rouge police officers killed two students, Denver A. Smith and Leonard Douglass Brown, in a confrontation between African American students and the police during demonstrations on the campus of Southern University.

On November 16, 2004, President George W. Bush nominated Condoleezza Rice to replace Colin Powell as secretary of state. They were respectively the first African American woman and man in that office.



Photo Gallery

"The first vote" - African American men, in dress indicative of their professions, in a queue waiting their turn to vote. 1867 November 16 by Alfred R. Waud.

Lady Bird Cleveland, mother of legendary model Pat Cleveland photographed by Carl Van Vechten on November 16, 1954 with her painting in oil of Eartha Kitt.

This photograph from November 16, 1961, shows a “White only” laundromat in Tallahassee. 

Novelist Toni Morrison won the “Elmer Holmes Bobst Award” in Arts and Letters for her book, Beloved, on November 16, 1988.'  - CARTER Magazine

On November 16, 2000 Oprah Winfrey received the 85th NAACP Spingarn Medal for her achievements and contributions as an actress, producer, educator, publisher, and humanitarian.

Princess Ruth Komuntale of Toro/Uganda, who married her American fiancé Christopher Thomas on 16 November 2012. Her brother is the current King Rukidi IV. 

A thin dusting of snow that fell overnight lays on items that make up a memorial at the site where Michael Brown was shot in Ferguson, Missouri, November 16, 2014.

Publications

Jet Magazine. November 16, 1967.

"Revolutionary or Police Agent?" The Black Panther - November 16, 1974

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October 7

William Still (October 7, 1821 - July 14, 1902) was a Philadelphia abolitionist known as the Father of the Underground Railroad, helping over 800 people escape to freedom. He kept extensive notes on each one so that families could be reunited, which were published in 1872 as The Underground Railroad Records. This book has been integral to the history of these years, as he carefully recorded many details of the workings of the Underground Railroad. Still was also a businessman and activist, successfully working on the campaign to integrate Philadelphia street cars, and he helped to establish an orphanage and the first YMCA for African Americans in Philadelphia.

Birthdays

Moses Fleetwood ″Fleet″ Walker (October 7, 1856 – May 11, 1924) played one season as the catcher of the Toledo Blue Stockings, a club in the American Association. He then played in the minor leagues until 1889, when professional baseball erected a color barrier that stood for nearly 60 years. He later purchased the Union Hotel in his home town of Steubenville, Ohio, as well as a theater in nearby Cadiz. He applied for patents on several inventions for moving-picture equipment in the early 1900s.

Sargent Claude Johnson (October 7, 1888 – October 10, 1967) was one of the first African American artists working in California to achieve a national reputation. He was known for Abstract Figurative and Early Modern styles. He was a painter, potter, ceramist, printmaker, graphic artist, sculptor, and carver. He worked with a variety of media, including ceramic, clay, oil, stone, terra-cotta, watercolor, and wood. As a member of the bohemian San Francisco Bay community and influenced by the New Negro Movement, his early work focused on racial identity. Later in his career he often visited Oaxaca and Southern Mexico and started incorporating the people and culture, particularly archeology, into his work.

Sargent Claude Johnson,"Chester", 1930

Sargent Claude Johnson, Lenox Avenue, 1938

Archibald John Motley, Jr (October 7, 1891 - January 16, 1981) studied painting at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago during the 1910s, graduating in 1918. He is most famous for his colorful chronicling of the African-American experience during the 1920s and 1930s, and is considered one of the major contributors to the Harlem Renaissance, or the New Negro Movement, a time in which African-American art reached new heights not just in New York but across America - its local expression is referred to as the Chicago Black Renaissance.

Archibald Motley, Black Belt, 1934

Archibald Motley, Hot Rhythm, 1961

Elijah Muhammad (born Elijah Robert Poole; October 7, 1897 – February 25, 1975) was an African American religious leader, and led a movement called Nation of Islam from 1934 until his death in 1975. Muhammad was a mentor to Malcolm X, Louis Farrakhan, and Muhammad Ali. He preached his own version of Islam to his followers in the Nation. According to him, blacks were known as the 'original' human being, with 'evil' whites being an offshoot race that would go on to oppress black people for 6,000 years. He preached that the Nation of Islam's goal was to return the stolen hegemony of the inferior whites back to blacks across America.

Desmond Mpilo Tutu (born October 7, 1931) is a South African activist and retired Anglican bishop who rose to worldwide fame during the 1980s as an opponent of apartheid. He was the first black South African Archbishop of Cape Town, South Africa, and bishop of the Church of the Province of Southern Africa (now the Anglican Church of Southern Africa). He was awarded the Nobel Peace Price in 1984 and the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2009.

Amiri Baraka (born Everett LeRoi Jones; October 7, 1934 – January 9, 2014) earned a degree in English from Howard University and served in the Air Force before settling in Greenwich Village where he was part of the Beat literary scene. In 1963 he published Blues People: Negro Music in White America, his account of the development of black music from slavery to contemporary jazz, and in 1964 his controversial play Dutchman premiered.  After the assassination of Malcolm X he left the predominantly white Beat movement, changing his name and founding The Black Arts Repertory/Theater School in Harlem. He is the father of  Newark mayor Ras Baraka.

Keith Duncan Mallett (born October 7, 1948) began began his art career working for in music industry painting record covers for Virgin Records and designing T-shirts for recording groups. He has worked as a freelance artist and for fifteen years was the in-house artist for Frontline Art Publishers. He was commissioned to design the official limited edition print commemorating the 50th anniversary of Jackie Robinson’s historic breakthrough into major league baseball, and his work was chosen for the cover of Chicken Soup for The African American Soul. His work also includes etchings and ceramics.

Celebration by Keith Mallett

Cats in Hats by Keith Mallett

Events

"SNCC had declared October 7, 1963, as Freedom Day. The idea was to bring hundreds of people to register to vote, hoping that their numbers would decrease fear. And there was much to fear. John Lewis and seven others were still in jail. Sheriff Jim Clark, huge and bullying, had deputized a force that was armed and on the prowl. To build up courage, people gathered in churches night after night before Freedom Day. The churches were packed as people listened to speeches, prayed, sang." ~ Howard Zinn

On October 7, 1993, Toni Morrison was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. Her citation reads: Toni Morrison, "who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality." She accepted the award in December of the same year. Ms. Morrison is currently the last American to have been awarded the honor.

On October 7, 2011, Tawakkul Karman, Leymah Gbowee, and Ellen Johnson Sirleaf received the Nobel Peace Prize "for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work." Mrs. Sirleaf has been president of Liberia since 2006.

Photo Gallery

A and T College, Greensboro, NC, October 7, 1939 - A group of 4-H Club boys working
 their way through college - seen working on the campus. From NCSU Libraries

Demonstrators make a dash through police lines for school buses in an attempt to get on the buses with white children in Crawfordville, Georgia, on October 7, 1965. The state patrolmen grabbed them and held them in custody until the buses drove away. The protesters were demanding to ride the buses and school integration.

On October 7, 1995, Coach Eddie Robinson of
Grambling State University won his 400th game.

Barack and Michelle Obama share a laugh at the end of the presidential debate
 at Belmont University in Nashville, Tennessee on October 7, 2008.

Frederick D. Jones Mother and Child, watercolor with pen and ink, 1940-45.
Sold October 7, 2010 for $4,320. Courtesy of Swann Auction Galleries.

Publications

Runaway Slave Notices in the South Carolina Gazette on October 7, 1756.

Little Gregory Hines, His Brother Maurice Hines and Dizzy Gillespie - Jet Magazine October 7, 1954

Charles V Bush, 14, is First Negro Selected As A Page Boy by the US Supreme Court - Jet Magazine, October 7, 1954

Death of Innocence: The Story of the Hate Crime That Changed America by Mamie
Till-Mobley. $3.99. Publisher: Random House; 1 edition (October 7, 2003). 320 pages. 

Published October 7, 2004 by Delta Sigma Theta Sorority, Inc. Recipes, menus, and entertaining
 tips from one of the largest, most respected African-American women's organizations in the world.